build: 添加 Linux 多发行版打包能力

提供 Electron 目录包、统一安装树、deb、rpm、Arch/pacman 和 Nix flake 配置，并随包安装 desktop、图标、自启动项与 Fcitx5 addon。

AI-assisted-by: Codex
AI-model: gpt-5.6-sol
AI-reasoning-effort: medium
Co-authored-by: Codex <codex@openai.com>

packaging/README.md

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+# Linux 分发打包
+
+MeloASR 0.1.0 的系统包由两部分组成：
+
+- Electron 应用安装到 `/opt/meloasr`，命令入口为 `/usr/bin/meloasr`；
+- Fcitx5 常驻 addon 由目标发行版中的 CMake/Fcitx5 开发包编译，并安装到该环境报告的 addon 目录。
+
+安装包同时提供桌面入口、项目图标和 `/etc/xdg/autostart/meloasr.desktop`，因此安装后的默认行为是随桌面会话启动。设置页关闭自启动时，应用需要在用户级 autostart 目录写入覆盖项，不能删除系统包所属文件。
+
+## 统一构建契约
+
+deb、rpm 和 Arch 配置期望项目提供：
+
+```bash
+npm run build:linux:dir
+```
+
+该命令应在 `release/linux-unpacked/` 生成可直接运行的 Electron 目录，并且主程序名必须是 `meloasr`。仓库提供的 `electron-builder.yml` 只生成这一中间目录；deb/rpm/Arch 的系统文件仍由各自脚本管理，避免用安装钩子复制未被包管理器追踪的 Fcitx5 文件。
+
+主项目可将脚本定义为：
+
+```json
+{
+  "build:linux:dir": "npm run build && electron-builder --config packaging/electron-builder.yml --linux dir"
+}
+```
+
+手工检查安装树：
+
+```bash
+packaging/scripts/stage-linux.sh release/linux-unpacked packaging/out/root
+```
+
+## deb
+
+在 Debian/Ubuntu 对应目标环境中安装 Node.js 构建依赖、CMake、C++ 编译器、Fcitx5 开发包与 nlohmann-json 开发包，然后执行：
+
+```bash
+npm run build:linux:dir
+packaging/deb/build-deb.sh
+```
+
+产物位于 `packaging/out/meloasr_0.1.0_<arch>.deb`。依赖名称按 Debian/Ubuntu 系列填写，但尚未在各发行版完成安装验证。
+
+## rpm
+
+在目标 RPM 发行版中准备相同的编译依赖和 `rpmbuild`，然后执行：
+
+```bash
+npm run build:linux:dir
+packaging/rpm/build-rpm.sh
+```
+
+产物复制到 `packaging/out/`。RPM 发行版之间的 Fcitx5 开发包和运行库名称可能不同，正式发布前需要分别在 Fedora/openSUSE 等目标环境验证并维护发行版 spec。
+
+## Arch/pacman
+
+参见 [`arch/README.md`](arch/README.md)。PKGBUILD 在干净 chroot 中从源码构建 Electron 应用和 Fcitx5 addon。
+
+## Nix flake
+
+```bash
+nix build
+nix run
+```
+
+flake 使用 nixpkgs 的 Electron，Node 依赖由 `package-lock.json` 的 integrity 数据导入，不需要手写固定输出 hash。仓库首次确定发布地址后，需要锁定并提交 `flake.lock`。当前环境没有 Nix，尚未实际执行上述命令。
+
+## 发布前必须完成
+
+- 将所有 `example.invalid` 替换成正式仓库地址；
+- 明确项目许可证，并替换临时的 `LicenseRef-Proprietary`/Nix license；
+- 生成 Arch 源码归档真实 SHA-256；
+- 在干净的 Debian、RPM、Arch 和 Nix 构建环境逐一构建、安装、卸载；
+- 验证 Fcitx5 能发现 addon，桌面菜单/托盘图标、自启动开关和包升级均正常。

packaging/arch/PKGBUILD

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+pkgname=meloasr
+pkgver=0.1.0
+pkgrel=1
+pkgdesc='Web-backed voice input for Fcitx5'
+arch=('x86_64')
+url='https://example.invalid/meloasr'
+license=('custom')
+depends=('fcitx5' 'gtk3' 'nss' 'libxss' 'mesa' 'alsa-lib')
+makedepends=('nodejs' 'npm' 'cmake' 'gcc' 'nlohmann-json')
+source=("${pkgname}-${pkgver}.tar.gz")
+sha256sums=('SKIP')
+
+build() {
+  cd "${srcdir}/${pkgname}-${pkgver}"
+  npm ci
+  npm run build:linux:dir
+  cmake -S linux/fcitx5 -B build/fcitx5 \
+    -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
+    -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr
+  cmake --build build/fcitx5 --parallel
+}
+
+check() {
+  cd "${srcdir}/${pkgname}-${pkgver}"
+  npm test
+  ctest --test-dir build/fcitx5 --output-on-failure
+}
+
+package() {
+  cd "${srcdir}/${pkgname}-${pkgver}"
+
+  install -d "${pkgdir}/opt/meloasr"
+  cp -a release/linux-unpacked/. "${pkgdir}/opt/meloasr/"
+  install -Dm755 packaging/assets/meloasr-wrapper "${pkgdir}/usr/bin/meloasr"
+  install -Dm644 packaging/assets/meloasr.desktop \
+    "${pkgdir}/usr/share/applications/meloasr.desktop"
+  install -Dm644 packaging/assets/meloasr-autostart.desktop \
+    "${pkgdir}/etc/xdg/autostart/meloasr.desktop"
+  install -Dm644 packaging/assets/meloasr.metainfo.xml \
+    "${pkgdir}/usr/share/metainfo/meloasr.metainfo.xml"
+  install -Dm644 logo.png \
+    "${pkgdir}/usr/share/pixmaps/meloasr.png"
+
+  DESTDIR="${pkgdir}" cmake --install build/fcitx5
+}

packaging/arch/README.md

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+# Arch Linux 构建
+
+发布时把项目源码归档为 `meloasr-0.1.0.tar.gz`，与 `PKGBUILD` 放在同一目录，随后运行：
+
+```bash
+makepkg --syncdeps --cleanbuild
+```
+
+正式发布必须把 `source` 改为仓库的不可变 release URL，并以 `updpkgsums` 写入真实 SHA-256；仓库地址确定前保留的 `example.invalid` 和 `SKIP` 不能用于发布。
+

packaging/assets/meloasr-autostart.desktop

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+[Desktop Entry]
+Type=Application
+Name=MeloASR
+Comment=Start MeloASR when signing in
+Comment[zh_CN]=登录桌面后启动 MeloASR
+Exec=meloasr --autostart
+Icon=meloasr
+Terminal=false
+X-GNOME-Autostart-enabled=true
+X-KDE-autostart-after=panel
+NoDisplay=true
+

packaging/assets/meloasr-wrapper

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+#!/bin/sh
+exec /opt/meloasr/meloasr "$@"
+

packaging/assets/meloasr.desktop

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+[Desktop Entry]
+Type=Application
+Name=MeloASR
+Comment=Web-backed voice input for Fcitx5
+Comment[zh_CN]=基于网页后端的 Fcitx5 语音输入工具
+Exec=meloasr
+Icon=meloasr
+Terminal=false
+Categories=Utility;Accessibility;
+StartupNotify=false

packaging/assets/meloasr.metainfo.xml

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+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<component type="desktop-application">
+  <id>io.github.meloasr.MeloASR</id>
+  <name>MeloASR</name>
+  <summary>Web-backed voice input for Fcitx5</summary>
+  <summary xml:lang="zh-CN">基于网页后端的 Fcitx5 语音输入工具</summary>
+  <metadata_license>CC0-1.0</metadata_license>
+  <project_license>LicenseRef-proprietary</project_license>
+  <description>
+    <p>MeloASR connects supported web speech-recognition backends to the active Fcitx5 input context.</p>
+    <p xml:lang="zh-CN">MeloASR 将支持的网页语音识别后端连接到当前 Fcitx5 输入上下文。</p>
+  </description>
+  <url type="homepage">https://example.invalid/meloasr</url>
+  <launchable type="desktop-id">meloasr.desktop</launchable>
+  <provides>
+    <binary>meloasr</binary>
+  </provides>
+  <releases>
+    <release version="0.1.0" date="2026-08-23"/>
+  </releases>
+</component>

packaging/deb/build-deb.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+project_dir="$(cd -- "$(dirname -- "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")/../.." && pwd)"
+version="${MELOASR_VERSION:-0.1.0}"
+arch="${MELOASR_DEB_ARCH:-$(dpkg --print-architecture)}"
+app_dir="${1:-${project_dir}/release/linux-unpacked}"
+work_dir="${project_dir}/packaging/out/deb-root"
+output_dir="${project_dir}/packaging/out"
+
+rm -rf -- "${work_dir}"
+"${project_dir}/packaging/scripts/stage-linux.sh" "${app_dir}" "${work_dir}"
+
+install -d "${work_dir}/DEBIAN"
+installed_size="$(du -sk "${work_dir}" | cut -f1)"
+sed \
+    -e "s/@VERSION@/${version}/g" \
+    -e "s/@ARCH@/${arch}/g" \
+    -e "s/@INSTALLED_SIZE@/${installed_size}/g" \
+    "${project_dir}/packaging/deb/control.in" > "${work_dir}/DEBIAN/control"
+
+mkdir -p "${output_dir}"
+dpkg-deb --root-owner-group --build "${work_dir}" \
+    "${output_dir}/meloasr_${version}_${arch}.deb"

packaging/deb/control.in

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+Package: meloasr
+Version: @VERSION@
+Section: sound
+Priority: optional
+Architecture: @ARCH@
+Maintainer: MeloASR contributors
+Installed-Size: @INSTALLED_SIZE@
+Depends: fcitx5, libc6, libstdc++6, libgtk-3-0, libnss3, libxss1, libgbm1, libasound2 | libasound2t64
+Description: Web-backed voice input for Fcitx5
+ MeloASR hosts supported web speech-recognition backends and sends their
+ live corrected text to the active Fcitx5 input context.

packaging/electron-builder.yml

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+appId: io.github.meloasr.MeloASR
+productName: MeloASR
+asar: true
+
+directories:
+  output: release
+
+files:
+  - dist/**/*
+  - package.json
+
+extraResources:
+  - from: logo.png
+    to: logo.png
+
+linux:
+  target:
+    - dir
+  executableName: meloasr
+  icon: logo.png
+  category: Utility
+

packaging/nix/package.nix

@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+{ lib
+, stdenv
+, importNpmLock
+, nodejs
+, electron
+, cmake
+, pkg-config
+, makeWrapper
+, fcitx5
+, nlohmann_json
+}:
+
+stdenv.mkDerivation (finalAttrs: {
+  pname = "meloasr";
+  version = "0.1.0";
+
+  src = ../..;
+
+  npmDeps = importNpmLock {
+    npmRoot = finalAttrs.src;
+  };
+
+  nativeBuildInputs = [
+    nodejs
+    importNpmLock.npmConfigHook
+    cmake
+    pkg-config
+    makeWrapper
+  ];
+
+  buildInputs = [ fcitx5 nlohmann_json ];
+
+  buildPhase = ''
+    runHook preBuild
+    npm run build
+    cmake -S linux/fcitx5 -B build/fcitx5 \
+      -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
+      -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX="$out" \
+      -DFCITX_INSTALL_USE_FCITX_SYS_PATHS=OFF
+    cmake --build build/fcitx5 --parallel "$NIX_BUILD_CORES"
+    runHook postBuild
+  '';
+
+  checkPhase = ''
+    runHook preCheck
+    npm test
+    ctest --test-dir build/fcitx5 --output-on-failure
+    runHook postCheck
+  '';
+  doCheck = true;
+
+  installPhase = ''
+    runHook preInstall
+
+    appDir="$out/share/meloasr/app"
+    mkdir -p "$appDir" "$out/bin" "$out/share/applications" \
+      "$out/share/pixmaps" "$out/share/metainfo" \
+      "$out/etc/xdg/autostart"
+
+    cp package.json "$appDir/"
+    cp -r dist "$appDir/"
+    if [ -d node_modules ]; then
+      npm prune --omit=dev --ignore-scripts
+      cp -r node_modules "$appDir/"
+    fi
+
+    install -Dm644 packaging/assets/meloasr.desktop \
+      "$out/share/applications/meloasr.desktop"
+    install -Dm644 packaging/assets/meloasr-autostart.desktop \
+      "$out/etc/xdg/autostart/meloasr.desktop"
+    install -Dm644 packaging/assets/meloasr.metainfo.xml \
+      "$out/share/metainfo/meloasr.metainfo.xml"
+    install -Dm644 logo.png \
+      "$out/share/pixmaps/meloasr.png"
+
+    cmake --install build/fcitx5
+    makeWrapper ${electron}/bin/electron "$out/bin/meloasr" \
+      --add-flags "$appDir"
+
+    runHook postInstall
+  '';
+
+  meta = {
+    description = "Web-backed voice input for Fcitx5";
+    homepage = "https://example.invalid/meloasr";
+    license = lib.licenses.unfreeRedistributable;
+    mainProgram = "meloasr";
+    platforms = lib.platforms.linux;
+  };
+})

packaging/rpm/build-rpm.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+project_dir="$(cd -- "$(dirname -- "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")/../.." && pwd)"
+version="${MELOASR_VERSION:-0.1.0}"
+app_dir="${1:-${project_dir}/release/linux-unpacked}"
+stage_dir="${project_dir}/packaging/out/rpm-root"
+top_dir="${project_dir}/packaging/out/rpmbuild"
+
+command -v rpmbuild >/dev/null || {
+    echo "未找到 rpmbuild，请先安装 RPM 构建工具。" >&2
+    exit 1
+}
+
+rm -rf -- "${stage_dir}" "${top_dir}"
+"${project_dir}/packaging/scripts/stage-linux.sh" "${app_dir}" "${stage_dir}"
+mkdir -p "${top_dir}"/{BUILD,BUILDROOT,RPMS,SOURCES,SPECS,SRPMS}
+tar -C "${stage_dir}" -czf "${top_dir}/SOURCES/meloasr-root.tar.gz" .
+
+rpmbuild -bb \
+    --define "_topdir ${top_dir}" \
+    --define "meloasr_version ${version}" \
+    "${project_dir}/packaging/rpm/meloasr-binary.spec"
+
+find "${top_dir}/RPMS" -type f -name '*.rpm' -exec cp -f {} "${project_dir}/packaging/out/" \;
+

packaging/rpm/meloasr-binary.spec

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+Name:           meloasr
+Version:        %{meloasr_version}
+Release:        1%{?dist}
+Summary:        Web-backed voice input for Fcitx5
+License:        LicenseRef-Proprietary
+URL:            https://example.invalid/meloasr
+Source0:        meloasr-root.tar.gz
+
+Requires:       fcitx5
+Requires:       gtk3
+Requires:       nss
+Requires:       libXScrnSaver
+Requires:       mesa-libgbm
+
+%description
+MeloASR hosts supported web speech-recognition backends and sends their live
+corrected text to the active Fcitx5 input context.
+
+%prep
+
+%build
+
+%install
+mkdir -p %{buildroot}
+tar -C %{buildroot} -xzf %{SOURCE0}
+
+%files
+%defattr(-,root,root,-)
+/opt/meloasr
+/usr/bin/meloasr
+/usr/lib*/fcitx5/libmeloasr.so
+/usr/share/applications/meloasr.desktop
+/usr/share/pixmaps/meloasr.png
+/usr/share/metainfo/meloasr.metainfo.xml
+/usr/share/fcitx5/addon/meloasr.conf
+/etc/xdg/autostart/meloasr.desktop
+
+%changelog
+* Sun Aug 23 2026 MeloASR contributors - 0.1.0-1
+- Initial package

packaging/scripts/stage-linux.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+project_dir="$(cd -- "$(dirname -- "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")/../.." && pwd)"
+app_dir="${1:-${project_dir}/release/linux-unpacked}"
+stage_dir="${2:-${project_dir}/packaging/out/root}"
+addon_build_dir="${MELOASR_ADDON_BUILD_DIR:-${project_dir}/packaging/out/fcitx5-build}"
+
+if [[ ! -d "${app_dir}" ]]; then
+    echo "缺少 Electron 解包目录：${app_dir}" >&2
+    echo "请先运行项目提供的 Linux directory 构建脚本。" >&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+if [[ ! -x "${app_dir}/meloasr" ]]; then
+    echo "Electron 解包目录中没有可执行文件 meloasr：${app_dir}" >&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+install -d \
+    "${stage_dir}/opt/meloasr" \
+    "${stage_dir}/usr/bin" \
+    "${stage_dir}/usr/share/applications" \
+    "${stage_dir}/usr/share/pixmaps" \
+    "${stage_dir}/usr/share/metainfo" \
+    "${stage_dir}/etc/xdg/autostart"
+
+cp -a "${app_dir}/." "${stage_dir}/opt/meloasr/"
+install -Dm755 "${project_dir}/packaging/assets/meloasr-wrapper" \
+    "${stage_dir}/usr/bin/meloasr"
+install -Dm644 "${project_dir}/packaging/assets/meloasr.desktop" \
+    "${stage_dir}/usr/share/applications/meloasr.desktop"
+install -Dm644 "${project_dir}/packaging/assets/meloasr-autostart.desktop" \
+    "${stage_dir}/etc/xdg/autostart/meloasr.desktop"
+install -Dm644 "${project_dir}/packaging/assets/meloasr.metainfo.xml" \
+    "${stage_dir}/usr/share/metainfo/meloasr.metainfo.xml"
+install -Dm644 "${project_dir}/logo.png" \
+    "${stage_dir}/usr/share/pixmaps/meloasr.png"
+
+cmake -S "${project_dir}/linux/fcitx5" -B "${addon_build_dir}" \
+    -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
+    -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr
+cmake --build "${addon_build_dir}" --parallel
+DESTDIR="${stage_dir}" cmake --install "${addon_build_dir}"
+
+echo "已生成安装根目录：${stage_dir}"